Week 12 — HLD Scalability & LLD Start

intermediate hld lld dbms dsa

Goal: Transition from HLD to LLD — start thinking about class-level design alongside system-level design. By the end of this week, you should be comfortable at both zoom levels.

Topics

DayFocusTopics
MonHLD ScalabilityHorizontal vs Vertical Scaling · Microservices vs Monolith · API Gateway
TueHLD Storage PatternsDenormalization and Read-Write Separation · Blob Storage and Object Storage
WedLLD FoundationsWhat is Low-Level Design? · OOP: The Four Pillars · Composition vs Inheritance · Abstract Classes vs Interfaces
ThuDBMS AdvancedViews & Materialized Views · Stored Procedures & Triggers
FriDSA Graphs & DPAdvanced Graph Problems · DP Fundamentals

Key Concepts

  • When to scale horizontally vs vertically — cost curves, bottleneck analysis, and practical limits
  • Microservice boundaries — decompose by business domain, not by technical layer
  • API gateway patterns — rate limiting, auth, routing, and request aggregation
  • CQRS read/write split — separate models for reads and writes when access patterns diverge
  • Composition over inheritance — why “has-a” often beats “is-a” in real-world code
  • The four OOP pillars — encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism
  • DP overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure — the two properties that make DP work

Practice

  • Argue microservices vs monolith for an e-commerce startup — consider team size, deployment, and complexity
  • Identify which OOP pillar each code snippet demonstrates (prepare 4 snippets, one per pillar)
  • Design a materialized view refresh strategy for a dashboard with 5-minute staleness tolerance
  • Solve 2 classic DP problems — start with Fibonacci (top-down and bottom-up), then try coin change

~13 topics · ~1.5-2 hrs/day · Focus: read the linked notes, then code each concept